Literature Review: Effective Role of Interest Groups on the American Electorate

Weese 1 buns DeWeese PS 372 Leising 15 October 2012 Literature Review It is patent that pursuit groups aim evolved everywhere time with the changing nature of the American semipolitical system. We know that disregardless of the beneficiary or detrimental effect they whitethorn have on our democracy, that they do play particular(prenominal) roles in policy formation, the alternative process, and voter appellative and turnout.This section seeks to examine the positive and prejudicious characteristics and theories that inhabit in accordance with come to groups, show defined atomic number 18as of inconsistencies at heart those theories, and provide insight into new abstractive criteria for the study of the political effectiveness of kindle groups in the American democratic system. We know from the publications that the principal(prenominal) goal of hobby groups is to exercise their author in order to gain political benefits (prenhall).Dominant bear on groups wi thin the United States argon mainly economical and occupational, however at that place are several varieties of minority groups, ideologic groups, religious groups, etc. In comparing the roles of use up groups over time, the literature found that the efforts of pursuance groups over the past few decades have become out-of-the-way(prenominal) to a greater extent(prenominal) significant, as they have become more(prenominal)(prenominal) involved in the political process by the use of political action committees (prenhall).This verifies that amuse groups have played a study role in the election process over the past DeWeese 2 few decades, as well as the event that they have highly influenced voter identification done either specific interests or commonplace interests. nearly discern characteristics defined in the literature, when assessing the effectiveness of these interest groups, were the current status of a given club at a certain time, the typology of the interest group, and the hail and benefit factor associated with them.In relation, each of these key concepts for amount interest groups directly affects one a nonher. In a study conducted from the literature, it clearly shows an exceptional stand out in the number of consumer and child welfare interest groups from the days 1900-1980 (Imig 262). ground on this information, we can see that the changing social environment has brought about a rise in special, consumer interest groups that are far more perplexityed with maximizing their income, while minimizing their costs.Based on the empiric evidence provided in the literature, we can examine the assorted existing theories on the roles of interest groups on public policy and the election process. First, the interest groups promote postulate and discussion, thus creating a better uniform and more educated electorate, and improving the quality of public policy (Mazingaizo). pursuit groups do seek to involve their major issues heavily during general elections, when those issues impart be at the forefront of political debate, thus exercising their power on the response of certain candidates.A similar guess expressed in the literature contends that, many voters interests and concerns are deeply affected by public policy, and and so citizens seek to represent their views more frequently and on more issues than the electoral process can entertain (Etzioni 182). at that placefore, it is the interest groups that can provide such representation. two of these theories examined DeWeese 3 in the literature are uniform, in that they see the roles of interest groups as salutary to the election process and policy formation.In contrast, another existing possibleness within the literature states that, While public interest groups provide an important type of representation other than absent from decision making forums, public interest groups gain and lose influence in a highly constrained context (Imig 266). In compar ability to the other theories, this theory suggests that we would be more beneficial to look at the development of interest groups in relation to the political context of society, rather than nerve-wracking to explain the American political system as a dependent variable of public interest.The literature explains that public interest groups ultimately oppose the natural ideal of a democracy, and have contributed to the political vector decomposition and deinstitutionalization of America. Based on the studies and graphs presented here, this theory is supported by a greater amount of empirical data, just as we have learned, political science is not one strictly based on keen data and finite materials. So, after examining just a few theories found throughout the literature, we have sight certain similarities and inconsistencies regarding the beneficial nature of interest groups.The literature was consistent throughout in stating that interest groups transmit and evolve with the changes in the social environment, yet there were inconsistencies in the positive and negative nature these groups play. There were also inconsistencies in the literature based on different forms of interest groups. Where some of these theories examined single interest groups, constituent-represented interest groups, and public interest groups, others focused lonesome(prenominal) on the overall spectrum of public interest DeWeese 4 groups.This creates a problem when attempting to explain how the roles of interest groups are affecting the election process, and voter identification and turnout, as it exists currently. Therefore, it is my belief that we should further examine the views based on the interest groups affecting the political environment in the short term, since that is the true question we are attempt looking to find. Though the literature has provided us with a solid framework of theories and evidence so far, it is lack in evidence from the perspective of the voter.So much concern has been placed on the cause and effect of interest groups driving policy, yet I believe it would be beneficial to further examine the impression a voter has in relation to the importance of interest groups when deciding which candidate or party to aspect with. Furthermore, it raises the question of whether or not its interest groups that are influencing voters in order to gain their political goals, or if they are exercising their power on the politicians, in return for their constituencys support?Also, it would be beneficial to examine the relationships between interest groups and the administrative, legislative, and legal branches in comparison to one another. The literature that has been examined contains so much information that is quite difficult to dangling it down into concise points, yet I facial expression that by researching this topic, we will gain a more transparent understanding of how and why politicians are elected, why they make some of the decision s they do, and the mental logic rat what our fellow citizens are thinking when they cast a vote on election day.I am not saying that the political role of interest groups will explain this entire phenomenon, but I do believe they play a very important role in shaping some of these key issues in our current political DeWeese 5 system. Based on what we know, and what we will find, it will then be up to us to decide whether or not these groups exercise a positive or negative effect on our society. Works Cited Etzioni, Amitai. Special engagement Groups Versus Constituency Representation. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change.Vol. 8 (1985) 171-195. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. Imig, Douglas R. and David S. Meyer. Political Opportunity and the Rise and Decline of Interest Group Sectors. Social Science Journal. Vol. 30. 3 (1993) 253-270. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. Mazingaizo, Tendai. Do interest groups have positive or negative influence on the outcome of US elections? blogspot. 17 Aug. 200 9. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. Political Parties and Interest Groups Chapter Overview. Prenhall. Pearson Education, Inc. (1995-2010). Web. 11 Oct. 2012.