Application of Clinical Psychology

Application of Clinical Psychology Jennifer Simpson Psy-480 March 4, 2013 Application of Clinical Psychology Introduction Winona Ryder is famous for more than the movies that she starred in over the years. News reporters gathered to gain more information in regards to this famous actress gone astray. In 2001 Ryder made the news for something that was not entertaining but gained quite a bit of public knowledge. The actual incident was only part of the information that the public was curious about.The treatment and the reasoning for the off behavior were desired in order to better understand the issue that had haunted Ryder. Ryder is known as a kleptomaniac and her struggle became public after she was arrested for the theft of thousands of dollars in merchandise from Saks Fifth Avenue. Brief Overview: Wynona Ryder Arrested in 2001 and charged with grand theft and burglary, Winona Ryder reportedly has had previous shoplifting accounts as well (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Her tumult uous childhood experiences (bullied for her appearance) accompanied with hippie-like parents caused Winona tremendous unease.According to Meyer, Chapman, and Weaver (2009); â€Å"Eventually, her parents removed her from public school and home schooled her until she graduated† (p. 239). After moving to Petaluma, California, at age 10, Winona â€Å"enrolled in acting classes at the American Conservatory Theater† (Lee, 2011, para 2). Winona’s extreme childhood experiences may have led her to develop interpersonally generated anxiety (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). As an adult, she experiences occasional panic attacks, insomnia, physical exhaustion, and stress from negative media attention. Read also Memory – ForgettingThese cumulative issues accompanied with her relationship break with Johnny Depp caused her to check herself into a psychiatric clinic for treatment. Because of her psychological distress, her psychiatrist prescribed her sleeping pills. Winona allegedly became reliant on pain medication as well (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Kleptomania often accompanies other psychological disorders, including anxiety, irrational impulse control, and depression (Labi & McDowell, 2002). Winona could easily afford to purchase everything she stole.According to Labi and McDowell (2002); â€Å"Experts today are more inclined to compare recreational larceny to thrill-seeking behaviors like bungee jumping or to addictions like drug abuse or compulsive gambling† (para 4). Stealing behaviors and the (pleasure) rush associated with getting-away-with-it often become addictive. In addition, the stealing behavior often becomes a reward that some individuals believe t hey deserve (Labi & McDowell, 2002). Biological, Psychological, and Social Factors: Wynona Ryder/Kleptomania As with many disorders, there are certain factors that play important roles in the development of kleptomania.Studies have shown that although more research is needed to prove biological factors are connected with kleptomania, this impulsive disease has been proven to be more common in females than in males and may be connected to low levels of serotonin in the brain which affect mood and emotion regulation. Psychological factors involved in the case of Wynona Ryder and her kleptomania seem to be more of the key components than any other factors. Stress related instances that occur abruptly and conflicts in relationships both are connected to kleptomania and to Ryder.The multiple moves in her childhood and the negative relationships with the other children in school, along with her failed relationship with Johnny Depp are some examples of what could have aided in the developm ent of the impulsive disorder for Ryder. Her admitted bouts with anxiety and depression are also psychological factors that have been proven to connect with kleptomania since Ryder clearly could pay for the items she stole, it would be fair to say that her actions were more for anti-depressive purposes rather than monetary or usefulness.Substance abuse was discovered in Ryder’s life and has also been proven to be connected to impulsive disorders, especially, but not limited to kleptomania. Other factors that have been connected with kleptomania are social factors such as social phobia, but with Ryder starring in many big deal movies, and some not so big deal, social phobia does not seem to be an issue for her. However, if one goes back to Ryder’s childhood and the bullying she suffered at the hands of her peers during such a vulnerable time in her life, kleptomania ust may be the way that she deals with a fear of social connections or relationships – a way for R yder to cope with the emotional scars she may carry from her childhood. Clinical Psychology Interventions: Kleptomania The therapy offered to the client with Kleptomania is the cognitive-behavioral therapy. The behavioral and substance addictions are similar to Kleptomania. Choosing the cognitive-behavioral therapy comes from a convincing validation of the research into Kleptomania as a behavioral addiction (Grant, 2006).The therapy would attempt to alter the clients’ unwanted behaviors and thoughts through the cognitive restructuring and behavioral therapy to the thoughts and behaviors wanted for the individual. This type of therapy can assist in the replacing of the individual’s impulse to steal with the feelings of relaxation as in the Systematic Desensitization model of the cognitive-behavioral approach. The systematic desensitization therapy that replaces the urge to steal with relaxation feelings could also assist in treating the client’s symptoms of anxie ty (Grant, 2006). The setting for this intervention is the clinical office of the therapist.This is so that the clients who could be ashamed or embarrassed about their issue can speak openly and freely with the professionals. These meetings should include the client, the therapist, and the professional who prescribes the clients antianxiety and antidepressant medications. Under the circumstances of some disorders that require medication, collaborations between the client and the professionals involved is essential for the clients proper treatment. The areas targeted by this therapy will assist the individual’s maladaptive ways of thinking and problematic behaviors.A cognitive-behavioral approach to the client’s treatment can help to provide the client with new and different coping skills to deal effectively with the impulse to steal, and the anxiety issues of the client. Conclusion Individuals that are affected by kleptomania do not all have the same background or even share the same daily struggles. These individuals walk different paths and struggle with many different types of kleptomania from gambling to stealing. Any one issue that takes away from an individual’s ability to better focus by needing the rush that comes with accomplishing he unnecessary task becomes a sign of kleptomania. Assisting individuals with the proper treatment at an early stage will allow the professionals to help them conquer the problems with which they struggle. These individuals need to be given the proper coping tools to refuse the anxiety and depression that lead them to perform such unwanted tasks. Once a patient has accomplished these coping skills, they will gain self confidence in their daily struggles and know that they can and will succeed. Reference Grant, J. E. (2006). Understanding and Treating Kleptomania: New Models and New Treatments.The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 43(2), 81-87. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com . ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/236926707? Labi, N. , & McDowell, J. (2002). Why Did She Do It?. Time, 160(21), 69. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/ehost Lee, K. (2012). Biography for Winona Ryder. Internet Movie Database (IMDB). Retrieved from http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000213/bio Meyer, R. G. , Chapman, L. K. , & Weaver, C. M. (2009). Case studies in abnormal behavior (8th ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon.

Skills and Learning Statement

OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY Skills and Learning Statement for Topic 8: An analysis and evaluation of the business and financial performance of an organization over a three years period Being a Research and Analysis Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of: BSc (Hons) in Applied Accounting Oxford Brookes University By: Name: Tao De ACCA Registration Number: 2171332 Submission Date: 24th May 2012 Words Count: 1881 Table of Contents Lessons Learned From Meetings With Project Mentor3Extent to Which Research Questions Have Been Answered5 Demonstration of Interpersonal and Communication Skills During Project Work7 Benefits Of Undertaking The RAP In Accountancy Studies and/or Current Employment Role8 Copy of Presentation Slides9 Lessons Learned From Meetings With Project Mentor During the project, I meet with my project mentor, Sonny Chan, for three times. In the three meetings with him, he gave me general guidance over my project progress, pointed out problems that I h ad made and took enquiries from me. First MeetingIn the first meeting, I came up with an idea of writing topic 8, and my mentor supported my idea. He gave me suggestions that potential problems that I may come up with, e. g. ratio explanation; and suggest me to review F7 (Financial Reporting) first to quickly pick up knowledge that I might forgotten, e. g. ratio analysis. After deciding the topic, I gave my mentor a list of companies that I want to analyze. The companies I selected are mainly operating in real estate industry, e. g. Frasers Centrepoint Trust, CapitaLand Commercial Trust and Suntec Real Estate Trust.Mr. Chan suggested that I need to choose a company that can make comparison, which means they have to have same year ending, similar operating area and both in form of trust. Only in this way, the ratios that have been calculated are meaningful and can be compared between two companies. From the first meeting, I learnt that a good targeted company and a good comparable co mpany selection is critical for a report. And also after the first meeting, I went through all the financial ratios, which helped me refresh my memory of what I have learnt during the F7 study.Second Meeting In the second meeting, I had finished main parts (financial analysis and business analysis) in my RAP project. After reviewed those analysis, my mentor pointed out that my explanation of ratios are not sufficient, and he shows me with examples as what is a sufficient explanation of ratio. He also suggests that I should have a segmental analysis regarding to Suntec REIT’ revenue. Besides these, he thought I needed to improve my references, which can make the analysis more convincing and have academic support.The second meeting is very meaningful indeed. It helps me improved my research report and taught me to think â€Å"deep†. For example, further explanation of ratios according to case helps my financial analysis much more meaningful. And it also helps me to know how to apply what I learnt in F7 study. Third Meeting The third meeting is relatively smooth; and my mentor’s main focus is on the format and presentation of my RAP projects. He pointed out certain wrong format of my references and inappropriate presentations, e. g. paper size, font size and line spacing.When the analysis report is about to finish, I was asked to prepare a presentation to my mentor and other students. After the presentation my mentor thought that I should improve my tone of speech to make it more convincing and encouraged me by saying that the RAP project is well prepared and he is very satisfied with my work. The third meeting with my mentor helps me to finalize my research report by adjusting things like font size and reference list. It let me know how to produce a standard and formal report, which will definitely be useful in future.And from presentation session, I learnt how to give an effective presentation to present my works. Extent to Which Research Q uestions Have Been Answered The objective that I set is to analyze the operation of Suntec REIT from financial and business perspective and try to help potential investors form a decision over the company. I believe after the research has been finished I have met the objective that I set and answered all the research questions. Though the research process is tedious, I managed myself to meet the objective answer the questions that I have set.Financial Analysis Firstly, I collect relevant information, e. g. 3 consecutive years of Annual Report of Suntec REIT and CCT REIT. Then transfer the Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Comprehensive Income in the Annual Report into excel format. After the transfer, I used excel to compute basic ratios, e. g. net profit margin, current ratio and gearing; and form another tab to put these ratios in organized form (table). For explanation purposes, charts and tables were made based on those ratios and absolute numbers, e. . profit and revenue; and again being put into separate tab in the excel, ready to be used in the writing process. After the primary data being transformed into easily explainable table and charts, the financial analysis process begins. The financial analysis proceeds in the order of segmental analysis, profitability, liquidity, leverage and investment ratios. Under each heading, the relevant ratios are compared between two companies, underlying meaning of the ratio are explained and the reason for adverse/favorable are explained.For certain ratios, the potential impact is also discussed. Business Analysis At the start of this part, the business model to be used was quickly decided. At that time, I thought PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis would be appropriate for the analysis, as PESTEL analysis gives an external picture of the business environment and SWOT analysis can provide general view of the business operation. However, during the business analysis, I found SWOT and PESTEL have certain p arts are overlapping, and this gives me a serious lesson of careful picking business analysis model.And to mitigate the problem, I try to more specifically differentiate the overlapping parts, e. g. PESTEL more focus on specific external factors while Opportunities and Threats are more general view of the environment that he company facing. Same as financial analysis, business analysis begins with information collection. During this period, I visited websites that relate to the real estate industry, e. g. Singapore REITs (http://sreit. reitdata. com), went to school library and review previous text books.During I reading the information, I took down the relevant information may useful as preparation for the business analysis. The writing process of the business analysis is mainly relying on the information being gathered. The information is written under the relevant headings of the models. Besides with this, the potential impacts are discussed. The two analysis can help potential i nvestors to have a general view of Suntec REIT’s operation both from the internal financial analysis and analysis based from business analysis model.And this can help them to make their decisions over the company. Therefore I confidently believe that I met the objective that I met. Demonstration of Interpersonal and Communication Skills During Project Work I believe that interpersonal and communication skills have been showed throughout the course of my RAP. Oral skills were required when I met up with my mentor and when making my presentation to my mentor and other students. And my writing communication skill is demonstrated through my writing of my research report.Effective communication is significantly important in have a productive interaction between my mentor and me. Every meeting with my mentor must be effective. As such, I will spend time to form my questions on the issues that I wanted to ask and diligently write down whatever suggestions that Mr. chan gave me durin g our meetings. As far as I can, I will play an active role in the oral discussion about the issues that I prepared before the meeting. Open-ended questions were asked when I needed more elaboration on certain issues.And I will also ask close-ended questions when I need a confirmation on specific issues. Besides face-to-face meeting, I discussed with my mentor through emails, text messages, Skype and MSN between meetings. In order to avoid misinterpretations, I tried to make sure that every message was well thought and organized before transmission. Writing research report requires me to have good written communication skills. This includes proper grammar and appropriate vocabulary. Except for that, I must be able to do good summaries.During the meetings and other methods of communication with my mentor, I have realized that conveying my message in a specific manner is crucial. I must not be too ‘wordy’ and always should present my points in an organized manner and try to progress into details. In the presentation of my research report, I found encouraging audience participation is an important aspect in the presentation. I have used my body language to emphasize important points. Besides that, I have also made regular eye contacts with the audience so that they can remain interested in my speech.Except for that, I also need to be sure that I am perfectly competent to take any questions during the Q&A after the presentation. And in order to do so, I predicted any areas that the audience may question about and prepare my answer for it, so that I won’t be brain go bland and come up with meaningless answers. Benefits Of Undertaking The RAP In Accountancy Studies and/or Current Employment Role The RAP is a completely new adventure for me and gives me significant challenge to finish such a big project, which takes almost 4 months. And I believe I benefit a lot during the project.In the project I reviewed the knowledge that I have learnt, e. g. F 7, F9 and P3; and applied them in the chosen companies, i. e. Suntec REIT and CCT REIT. This experience helps me to have further understanding of the knowledge I have learnt, e. g. actual meaning of those ratios instead of their computation and the application of PESTEL instead of theoretical concepts. Besides that, I also find certain areas that I need to enhance on. In the business analysis, I used an overlapping business model being introduced to analyze the chosen company.This shows my weak understanding over that area. Immediately after the project, I read up relevant material in P3 so that to enhance my better understanding over the subject and to apply it more proficiently in the future. After the project, I also find more about myself. I find my advantages, e. g. organizing random and complex information. These advantages can help me recognize which area I am good at and take advantage of in the future. And at the same time I also find some short comes that I need to avoid o r improve in the future e. g. ack of time control and weak at prioritizing tasks. And these can help me to know what need to be pre-considered to avoid same issue happen again. Besides these, the journey of completing the project can somehow help me to promote my career in the future. †¢ In the research report, it taught me how to form an official report with convincing tone and objective facts. And this experience may let me to form formal report in the future work place. †¢ From the presentation part, I learnt how to give a great presentation to fellow mates and pass information effectively.In the future, I can know how to give a much greater presentation based on the OBU project experience. †¢ The application of those ratios into real cases builds my confidence in using them to analyze financial performance of companies in practice. All these experiences can help me to better prepare for my future career and increase my opportunity to â€Å"shine† in the wor k place. In conclusion, I have to testify here that RAP provides me an experience that will definitely contribute to my further ACCA study and future employment.

A Good Teacher Essay Example for Free (#2)

A Good Teacher Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? â€Å"Plants are shaped by cultivation and men by education. We are born weak, we need strength; we are born totally unprovided, we need aid; we are born stupid, we need judgement. Everything we do not have at our birth and which we need when we are grown is given to us by education. † (Jean Jacques Rousseau) It can be seen that education is one of the most important factor of our life. It is the tool that shapes us intellectually, socially, emotionally and personally. The kind of education that we receive depends highly on the educators that we encounter. A positive or negative encounter can impact our entire life. Therefore, if it is intended for today’s students to be responsible citizens of tomorrow’s society, then all teachers should emulate the roles of a â€Å"good teacher†. A good teacher is one who is knowledgeable of learners and their development, knowledgeable of subject matter and curriculum goals, creates a good learning environment and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It can be noted that from the interview conducted, Teacher X exemplifies most of the features of a â€Å"good teacher† and is therefore considered as one. Before entering in a classroom, a â€Å"good teacher† should be highly knowledgeable of the subject area they will be teaching and have a clear understanding of how to organize the curriculum in order to meet the need of the students and the objectives of the school. The interview highlighted that Teacher X is one of the chief writers of the curriculum for the examination body of her institution. It will be ones belief that a personnel would not have been bestowed such privilege if she was not competent in her subject area. She also outlined that her learning objectives are based on the knowledge, ability and skill of the students. This further exemplifies her since Darlington-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005) states that based on the learning needs of their students, teachers must make a wide variety of curriculum decisions, ranging from the evaluation and selection of materials to the design and sequencing of tasks, assignments and activities to the assessment of learning to guide further teaching. The development of the curriculum in light of the students’ interest fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates the students’ passion for learning a specific subject area. If given the opportunity for input, students’ will generate ideas and set goals that even the teacher had not thought of. At this point teachers should embrace the fact that they do not know everything and should be willing to learn from their students’ in the process. A â€Å"good teacher† must take the time to know her students. Know not only their names or facial representations, but their readiness level, learning styles and interest. Students are all individuals who learn at different rates and in different ways. Tomlinson (2001) outlines that students learn better if tasks are a close match for their skills and understanding of a topic (readiness), if tasks ignite curiosity or passion in a student (interest) and if the assignment encourages students to work in a preferred manner (learning style). The classrooms of our society can be extremely diverse, so teachers must be able to differentiate intrsuctions to meet the individual needs of each student. A Good Teacher. (2016, Nov 25).

Multiple Voices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multiple Voices - Essay Example Lee: Language has changed drastically in the past ten years since the usage of internet has increased among students. I have made use of a case study of a teacher Jacqueline for the readers of my written pieces in order to make them understand the manner in which writing English language has changed. Students have started using shortcuts of words that they using while instant messaging of texting. Some of the common words that Jacqueline has marked during the correction session are U, 4u, abt etc. I have come across a difference in approach towards writing language. I have both Asians as well as natives in my classroom and they all seem to make mistakes i.e. using instant messaging and texting English language. I have even given an ultimatum to my students that if they will not stop using inappropriate English language then I will have to deduct their marks. I want my students to learn English in the best possible and academic manner because language is a way through which one may ju dge others (Ober). Tan: I would not agree more. Language has changed to a great extent. I must say that language is a very powerful tool within a society. It is no more an astonishing fact that language has rather become an element in relationships. I would present my mother’s experience here being an immigrant. Since we are not native English or Americans, my mother had trouble in speaking English. However, with the passage of time, she learnt her way to speak English language fluently. My mother made use of different television channels to learn English language as well as magazines. One fact that I noted all this time was that people judge others on the basis of manner in which others speak English language. My written pieces â€Å"Mother Tongue† is an evident example of the experiences that I and my mother had been through. People do not consider immigrants to be able to speak English really well despite the fact that they learn their way to speak English fluently. I would

Crafting and Executing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crafting and Executing Strategy - Essay Example The taxi business section is operated by a fleet of 120 units headed by the taxi department while the other car rental functionality is operated by a fleet of 65 luxury vehicles with chauffer services available at the request of the clients. Both sections operate in ten different locations within the city. There are several players in the taxi business, and competition is relatively higher than in the luxury car rental section, which enables the company to diversify its markets. Under the circumstances of a business environment with challenges of different types such as economic volatility and continued competitors growth, a strategic plan is important in formulating the appropriate planning to overcome the challenges (Wasti, 2003). In terms of a volatile economic environment, a strategic plan enables the business to set goals within the potential and operation level that company affords and to produce the best possible sustainability results. In view of the competition experienced from rival companies in the transport section, it is imperative that the business stays ahead of the competitors by designing the most competitive products that enable sustainable operations. Better decision-making processes made from a vantage strategy view enable the business to make few mistakes and exploit the best opportunities achieved from appropriate decisions taken (Darbi, 2012). A strategic plan also facilitates the concentration of focus, resources, and energy on a com mon agreeable decision made on behalf of every participant of the company, and this reduces conflicts and divergent priorities. Customer satisfaction is facilitated by a competent team operating from a strategic plan as opposed to an ambiguous action approach. Alternatively, it is possible to grow a business brand from a coordinated strategy as opposed to a brand from an amorphous action approach. Drive America is a world-class transport service taking

Project Management Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Project Management Review - Essay Example It also functions as a tool in evaluating the presented change requests of the project. Further, the Change Control Management also serves the function of managing and implementing the changes approved by the management. 2. Risk Profile, its benefits to risk management A risk profile is a sequence of questions addressing the normal areas of the project where uncertainty prevails. Going through the list of probable risks and by making use of the experience from the past, the management can reduce the risk and increase the success rates. It eases the risk management since adopting previous approaches that were successful is less risky than formulating new management strategies. 3. Functional conflict, why encouraged Functional conflict means the disagreements of interests, ides or main concerns between the groups, individuals, or organizations. Or the deviations of decisions in the non-fulfillment of the requirements of a job course, or process. Functional conflicts arise when the mini mum to reasonable levels of conflicts develop the effectiveness of the team. Such conflict is considered to be constructive as it develops the quality of assessments, motivates creativeness and novelty, and cheers up the inquisitiveness and interest among the team members. It can be used as a tool to create an environment which airs the problems and releases the tension, and also promotes a stage for self-evaluation and modification. The functional conflicts usually arise if: the formal objectives are overlapped, the role-descriptions are overlapped, the contractual bond is ambiguous, the assigned tasks are simultaneous, and if there exists any hidden intentions. Functional conflict can become an advantage to the firm. The project manager can encourage functional conflicts and can use them as antidotes for group thinking. The functional conflict questions the status quo of the project and so there arises the need for creating new idea, promoting assessment of team goals and tasks, i ncreasing the profitability to which the team would respond to alter. Project managers and team leaders should carefully build conflicts into decision-making process. So they can surface and solve the important problems and also reconsider the decisions. 4. Four major steps in facilitating the group decision-making process The project manager plays the central role in leading the teams’ decision making process. The project manager is not asked to make decision himself, but to create an atmosphere for the entire team to discuss and to reach a final possible solution in consensus ad idem. This does not bring a conclusion that each one of the group holds the solution hundred percent; instead it means that the entire group is agreeing up on the best decision under a situation. As Gray, Larson & Desai (2010, p. 360) note, there are four major steps that facilitate the group decision making process. I. Problem identification: - When meeting with issues, the project manager should b e careful not to define the problems in terms of choices (e.g., whether to concentrate on X or Y?). Instead, he should detect the original issues to which these alternatives are probable remedies. This process will enable the team members to formulate alternatives rather than just selecting among them. The important point of problem identification is to focus on the gap between the present state of the project and the desired sate of the project. II. Generating alternatives: - When there is a general understanding of

Fronters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fronters - Essay Example Company has an opportunity to make acquisitions (Ringbeck and Roska). Due world financial crisis business, industry has faced huge losses so as an airline industry, but it also present an opportunity to expand business through alliances and mergers. Company can raise money from different financial institutions that offer lower interest rates and can borrow at fixed interest rate. Fixed rate borrowing will prevent the company from bankruptcy, and Frontier can invest more in its expansion rather give as interest. Inflation is impacting the business increasingly day by day. There is great fluctuation in prices of each company that is a big threat for the company. However, managing prices in uncertain conditions is not a piece of cake. Airline industry is covered with unexpected problems and to deal with these problems is difficult. Therefore, it is a big threat for Frontier. For example, in the condition of storm strikes company needs fast communication channels that are a big challenge for Frontier. Because of poor communication system, company has to face negative sentiments of customers that are base for Frontier airlines. Due to economic and financial crisis, the cost of raw material is increasing which cause to increase the cost of services. Therefore, end price which will slowdown the competitive advantage of Frontier airlines. Increased cost is a threat for Frontier. Exchange rate fluctuation is also a threat for the company. In the case of strong Currency, Company will lose its competitive advantage because customers from countries that have lower currency rate will not pay higher prices and company will have to face a price war. Frontier airline was found in 1950 by the merger of three airlines; Arizona Airways, Monarch and Challenger airways. In 1985, the airline was acquired by people express and due to some financial difficulties, the airline faced bankruptcy (Carson, 74). The new Frontier airline was

Processors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Processors - Essay Example PowerPC is largely based on IBM's earlier POWER architecture, and retains a high level of compatibility with it; the architectures have remained close enough that the same programs and Operating Systems will run on both if some care is taken in preparation; newer chips in the POWER series implement the full PowerPC instruction set. The original POWER microprocessor, one of the first superscalar RISC implementations, was a high performance, multi-chip design. IBM soon realized that they would need a single-chip microprocessor and to eliminate some POWER processor instructions to scale their RS/6000 line from lower-end to high-end machines, and work on a single-chip POWER microprocessor, called the RSC (stands for RISC Single Chip) began. In early 1991 IBM realized that their design could potentially become a high-volume microprocessor used across the industry. IBM approached Apple with the goal of collaborating on the development of a family of single-chip microprocessors based on the POWER architecture. Soon after, Apple, as one of Motorola's largest customers of desktop class microprocessors, asked Motorola o join the discussions because of their long relationship, their more extensive experience with manufacturing high-volume microprocessors than IBM and to serve as a second source for the microprocessors. This three way collaboration became known as AIM alliance, for Apple, IBM, Motorola. In 1991, the PowerPC was just one facet of a larger alliance between these three companies. On the other side was the growing dominance of Microsoft and Windows in personal computing and of Intel processors. At the time, most of the Personal Computer industry was shipping systems based on Intel 80386 and 80486 chips, which had CISC architecture and development of the Pentium Processor was well underway. The PowerPC chips was one of several joint vent ures involving the three, in their efforts to counter the growing Microsoft-Intel dominance of personal computing. The PowerPC is designed along RISC principles, and allows for a superscalar implementation. Versions of the design exist in both 32-bit and 64-bit implementations. Starting with the basic POWER specifications, the PowerPC added some features, including: Support for operation in both big-endian and little-endian modes - the PowerPC can switch from one mode to the other at runtime. This feature is not supported in the PowerPC G5. Single-precision forms of some floating point instructions, in addition to only double-precision forms. Additional floating point instructions at the behest of Apple. A complete 64-bit specification, which is backward compatible with the 32-bit mode. Removal of some of the more esoteric POWER instructions, some of which could be emulated by the Operating Systems, if necessary. A paged memory management architecture which is used extensively in server and PC systems. Addition of a new memory management architecture called Book-E, replacing the conventional paged memory management architecture for embedded applications. Book-E is application software compatible with existing PowerPC implementations, but requires minor changes to the Operating Systems. Operating Systems that work on the PowerPC architecture are generally divided into those which are oriented towards general-purpose PowerPC systems, and those oriented towards the embedded PowerPC systems. A 64-bit PowerPC application

What Causes Cancer Mutations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What Causes Cancer Mutations - Essay Example As genes are the basic control machine of the cells, alteration of any kind may bring devastating consequences, or malignancy. When compared with the normal cells, where damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system, tumor cells do not have any repair mechanism for the damaged DNA and there is a constant proliferation of cells without displaying senescence hence, generating a series of abnormal cells, with altered cellular pathways for uncontrolled proliferation, figuring malignant tumors (Alberts 2007; Katzang et al. 2009). The Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or more mutations in its DNA, which can be inherited or acquired. Mutation is sudden abrupt changes that occur in the genetic material i.e. the DNA of the cell. This genetic material is facilitated by various agents called mutagens. Mutagens can be either physical agents such as UV radiations, X-rays etc or they could be some chemical agents which are capable of producing c hanges in the cell by reacting with cellular macromolecules. These chemical agents form bond with the cellular macromolecules, thereby alter their normal structures. If they combine with the genetic material, the peptide formation is affected. Thus, these mutagenic agents affect the normal well being of the cell and when such a defective cell replicates the cellular modification is also passed on. These cellular alterations may lead to cancer, where the carcinogenic agents (cancer causing) are capable of altering the cell division leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of the cell (Alberts 2007; Chemical Carcinogens, Web.). In case of the breast cancer, woman who inherits a single defective copy of either of these tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 displays an augmented risk of developing breast cancer. However, carcinogenesis is a complex, multistage process, usually involving more than one genetic change. Other epigenetic factors responsible for carcinogenesis involve epige netic factors, such as level of hormones in the body, exposure to carcinogens and tumor promoting agents. These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer (Katzang et al. 2009). These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes: A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor . Thus, a loss of function of tumor suppressor genes can be the critical event in carcinogenesis (Rang et al. 2007; Katzang 2009). More than 30 tumor suppressor genes as well as more than 100 dominant oncogenes have been found to be associated with various types of cancers (Rang et al. 2007). Characteristics of Cancer cells The genetic basis of cancer has been revealed through numerous animal models. The Cancer Genome Atlas aims at methodically differentiating the configurational source of cancer, through recognition of the genomic mutations linked with every cancer form. A corresponding progress and description forms the basis of understanding growth and external appearance of the cancer or tumor called the phenotype of the cancer, is essential for designing drugs that can

Maternity Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maternity - Article Example The physiological changes in pregnancy also influence the nutrition and pharmacological drugs in pregnancy. The article discusses physiological changes in pregnancy, pharmacokinetics in pregnancy, and the functions of the placenta (Sachdeva, Patel, & Pate, 2009). Pregnant women do not participate in medical trials since drugs taken during pregnancy may affect the fetus in adverse ways. The article notes that a pharmacological treatment is inevitable in pregnancy despite its eminent side effects. As such, the article defines how drugs affect the fetus and the categories of pharmacological drugs recommended for pregnancy by FDA. The categories include A, B, C, D and X where category A is the safest while category X is fatal in pregnancy (Sachdeva, Patel, & Pate, 2009). The article also demonstrates the risk of using social drugs like cigarette smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and illicit drugs during pregnancy (Sachdeva, Patel, & Pate, 2009). Ultimately, the article presents the concerns of using OTC drugs during pregnancy. I think the article is very relevant to the topic of nutrition and pharmacological drugs in pregnancy. Indeed, the article depicts seriousness in addressing the use of drugs during pregnancy by addressing the physiological changes in pregnancy and pharmacokinetics in pregnancy (Sachdeva, Patel, & Pate, 2009). The article confirms that a pharmacological treatment is inevitable in pregnancy despite the significant effects that pharmacological drugs have on a fetus and the pregnant woman. Indeed, the article depicts the significance of pharmacological therapy during pregnancy. Moreover, the article confirms that the placenta plays a noble role in guaranteeing nutrition and fetal and maternal well-being during pregnancy by presenting the functions of the placenta. The article succeeds in showing different categories of drugs and their effect on the fetus. The article is authoritative in that it refers to the recommendations of FDA that

AP language rhetorical terms list Essay Example for Free

AP language rhetorical terms list Essay Look up the words and fill in the chart as best as you can. Some of the terms are review and some are new. We will use this list throughout the year so keep an updated copy with you in class. You may choose to make note cards for study but they are not required for a grade. Periodically, you will be quizzed on how well you know the terms by using in your writing and recognizing in text. Terms When do I use it? Define it Can I recognize it? Can I use it in my writing? ad hominen argument appealing to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect ad populum fallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or most people believe it. allegory literary device The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form. alliteration style The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables allusion rhetoric device reference ambiguity tone Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation analogy Similarity of functions or properties; likeness antecedent grammar A preceding occurrence, cause, or event. antithesis opposite aphorism A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage apostrophe The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition. attitude essay A state of mind or a feeling; disposition atmosphere A dominant intellectual or emotional environment or attitude begging the question type of informal fallacy in which an implicit premise would directly entail the conclusion; in other words, basing a conclusion on an assumption that is as much in need of proof or demonstration as the conclusion itself chiasmus A rhetorical inversion of the second of two parallel structures clause A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming part of a compound or complex sentence. colloquialism Characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal. conceit A favorable and especially unduly high opinion of ones own abilities or worth. concrete detail Specific details that form the backbone or core of the body paragraphs. Synonyms for concrete details include facts, specifics, examples, descriptions, illustrations, support, proof, evidence, quotations, paraphrases, or plot references. connotation An idea or feeling that a word invokes person in addition to its literal or primary meaning denotation The action or process of indicating or referring to something by means of a word, symbol, etc descriptive detail devices A turn of phrase intended to produce a particular effect in speech or a literary work diction Word choice didactic ntended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive euphemism Mild expression in place of a severe one extended metaphor An extended metaphor, also called a conceit, is a metaphor that continues into the sentences that follow. It is often developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work, and are especially effective in poems and fiction. false analogy An informal fallacy applying to inductive arguments, in which the similarity in one respect of two concepts, objects, or events is taken as sufficient to establish that they are similar in another respect in which they actually are dissimilar figurative language Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. figure of speech A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. genre A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter hasty- over/ generalization A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases homily genre type of sermon, serious talk, speech or lecture hyperbole exaggeration imagery Visually descriptive or figurative language, esp. in a literary work inference/ infer A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning invective diction Strong use of language used to attack irony/ironic The expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect verbal Relating to or in the form of words situational A term denoting a tactic or combo that can only be used under certain circumstances and cannot be done in a neutral state where both characters are on the ground. dramatic Sudden or striking juxtaposition The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect language The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way loose sentence A loose sentence is a type of sentence in which the main idea is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. metaphor in literature and rhetoric, an analogy between two objects or ideas, conveyed by using a word instead of another word metonymy Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated with that thing or concept. mood the affective setting of a piece of literature narrative A narrative (or story) is any account of connected events, presented to a reader or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words, or in a sequence of (moving) pictures. narrative devices Methods to help convey the message in the story narrative technique The methods involved in telling a story; the procedures used by a writer of stories or accounts. Narrative technique is a general term (like devices, or resources of language) that asks you to discuss the procedures used in the telling of a story. onomatopoeia the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical, dramatic, or poeticeffect. oxymoron a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictoryeffect, as in â€Å"cruel kindness† or â€Å"to make haste slowly. † paradox a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in realityexpresses a possible truth. parallelism Parallel comparison parody Mocking imitation pedantic tone Overly scholarly, academic, or bookish periodic sentence A periodic sentence is a sentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase. Personification the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstractnotions, especially as a rhetorical figure. persuasive devices Techniques the author uses to influence the way you feel persuasive essay Persuasive writing, known as creative writing or an argument, is a piece of writing in which the writer uses words to convince the reader that the writers opinion is correct with regard to an issue. point of view(know all) narrative mode, the perspective of the narrative voice; the pronoun used in narration post hoc fallacy Post hoc ergo propter hoc, Latin for after this, therefore because of this, is a logical fallacy (of the questionable cause variety) that states Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. prose Prose is a form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry). red herring Red herring is an English-language idiom, a logical fallacy that misleads or detracts from the issue. It is also a literary device that leads readers or characters towards a false conclusion, often used in mystery or detective fiction. repetition Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to provide emphasis. rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. rhetorical appeal Ethos, pathos, logos logos Originally a word meaning a ground, a plea, an opinion, an expectation, word, speech, account, reason, ethos Cultures guiding ideals pathos Appealing to the audience’s emotions rhetorical features his may involve the use of elaborate words or phrases that create a particular set of sounds. Perhaps puns, double meanings,alliteration, assonance or unusual grammatical forms may be used. rhetorical modes describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. compare/ contrast Evaluate differences and similarities definition Expressing the nature of something cause/effect Cause is why something happens and effect is what happens division/ classification Organize into category example/illustration or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. exposition type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. process analysis A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something. argumentation/persuasive Social influence description a statement, picture in words, or account that describes; descriptive representation. rhetorical question A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. rhetorical situation The Rhetorical Situation is the context of a rhetorical event that consists of an issue, an audience, and a set of constraints. sarcasm harsh or bitter derision or irony. satire a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up toscorn, derision, or ridicule. simile a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared sentence structures Grammatical arrangement of words in sentences simple Easy to understand compound combinations of two or more elements complex In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. inverted word order style variation in language use to which social meanings are attributed stylistic devices In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. syllogism a piece of deductive reasoning from the general to the particular symbol/ symbolism something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representingsomething, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign. synecdoche a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for thegeneral or the general for the special syntax the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. theme the unifying subject or idea of a story thesis Central argument tone a literary technique which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work that is compatible with the other drive transition general aspects of writing style that signal changes in a story understatement Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected. litotes In rhetoric, litotes (or) is a figure of speech in which understatement is employed for rhetorical effect, principally via double negatives. meiosis reproduction wit Wit is a form of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny.

Bobby Flay and Paula Deen Essay Example for Free

Bobby Flay and Paula Deen Essay Bobby Flay and Paula Deen are both exceptional and popular experts in cooking arena particularly in the US. It is curious that though they excel in the same field of Southern Cooking they are distinctly different in style, approach and background. While Flay is more methodical and academic in nature, Deen is more self-taught dependent more on household common sense and imagination. Robert William Flay was born in New York (1964) and is regarded as one of the most celebrated chef who is also a television personality and a restaurateur. At present, he is the executive chef and owner of restaurants all over US. These are Atlantic City’s Bobby Flay Steak, New York’s Mesa Grill and Bar, Las Vegas Mesa Grill and Bahamas Mesa Grill. (Lamb, 2007) As a television personality, he has pulled off eight programs as a host with elan (Grill It! with Bobby Flay, Throwdown! with Bobby Flay, BBQ with Bobby Flay, Boy Meets Grill, FoodNation, Grillin Chillin and Hot Off the Grill with Bobby Flay). He has authored several cookbooks like Bobby Flays Grill It! , Bobby Flays Mesa Grill Cookbook, Bobby Flays Grilling For Life, Bobby Flays Boy Gets Grill to name a few. Flay has won a number of awards like James Beard Foundations Who’s Who of Food Beverage in America in 2007, Emmy Award nominee for Outstanding Service Show Hot Off the Grill with Bobby Flay in 2000 and French Culinary Institute Outstanding Graduate Award in 1993. (Lamb, 2007) Bobby Flay’s specialty in cooking is based on styles related to Southwest, Mexican and Spanish mode. He acquired a cooking degree from French Culinary Institute. On the other hand, Paula Deen (1947) is regarded as one of the most recognized cooks in US. She is also an Emmy Award-winning television personality and a restaurateur. Her restaurant is located at Savannah, Georgia by the name The Lady Sons. She is also credited with five cooking related books along with her numerous television appearances. (Lamb, 2007) She specializes as a Southern cook and her cooking style is dependent on day-to-day common ingredients like creamed corn, beans, greens, cheesy meatloaf, fried chicken, fried twinkies, cheese, macaroni and sweet potatoes. Her hoecakes and garlic cheese biscuit are of special mention of her culinary. (Lamb, 2007) However, it should be mentioned that lacks any formal cooking degree unlike Flay. She is a self-taught cook who has used her senses and imagination to success. It should be stated that both Flay and Deen are exceptional artists with food but their approach is distinctly different. Flay’s academic background makes his cooking more classical and methodical in nature. On the other hand, Deen’s lack of institutionalized learning process made her more open to common American household ingredients and recipes. Though both are popular and successful it can be stated in the conclusion that Flay is predominantly a chef and Deen is a cook as a bottom-line.

A Dolls House | Analysis | Female Gender

A Dolls House | Analysis | Female Gender Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House presents to us Nora, the doll, who is caught up in a constricting marriage to Torvald, who represents the society of 19th century Europe through his narrow mindedness and hard and fast rules. In this society, women are a suppressed bunch and do not have many opportunities to express or be themselves When they are little girls in pigtails, they live by their fathers rules and abide by the law in the house. They get married and go to their nuptial homes .Here they have to live under the thumb of their husbands and meekly take on whatever is thrown at them. On the other hand, we have Mariama BÃ ¢s So long a letter, which is set in Post-colonialist Senegal. Here we have Ramatoulaye, a model housewife living under her husbands roof and putting her family before self. She writes a long letter to her best friend Aissatou which details the events after her husbands death and also provides a flashback of her and her friends lives over the time they have matured from girls to women to mothers. An unmistakable hint of feminism is perhaps what makes the novel a strong megaphone for the oppressed woman in Africa. The African woman is oppressed by her culture and by virtue of her position. Aissatou is however a rebel and goes against the societal norms and Ramatoulaye gradually realizes she cannot look to her culture for much. Throughout both of the works that I have studied, both the characters of Nora and Ramatoulaye are similar in the fact that both their characters develop throughout the novels. This represents the emergence of the feminine in both the works. In this essay, I will be analyzing how the writers present women and the problems that they face in two different societies in two different parts of the world. Ibsen was very concerned a about the position of women in the society that he lived in .he looked at his mother and the other women he was associated with as models to study. He thought that women had a right to amplify their own distinctiveness, but in reality, their function was habitually self-sacrificial. The concept of gender- equality did not exist and women were regarded inferior, either in relation to their husbands or the social order, as is apparent from Torvalds dismay of his employees thinking he has been influenced in a decision about Krogstads job by his wife. It was not tolerable for women to conduct business or control their own capital. It was considered necessary that they had the authorization of the man who owned them husband, brother or father before they engaged in any activity involving money. Furthermore, they were not cultured for responsibility. Nora falls victim to both the injustices, by taking out a loan without the endorsement of her husband or father and by believing, out of unawareness of the world around her, that she could get away with forging a signature. In a way, single or widowed women like Mrs. Linde had more room to breathe than married ones, in that they earned their own money and did not have to hand it over to the alpha male of the family .They also did not have to depend on their husbands for anything. But even so, the careers open to women were constrained and hardly paid enough. They could either become clerks, teach or house-keep. Whats more, womens work was grindingly dreary, and likely to leave an intelligent woman like Mrs. Linde disgruntled. Women often got into another trap: Marriage. Yes, marriage was a snare in itself. They could divorce, but it carried a communal stigma not only for the woman, but also for her spouse and family. Hence, few women even weighed it as an option. Torvald preferred to a certain extent to have a make believe marriage, for the sake of appearances, rather than an annulment or an amicable separation. When he discovers the truth about the money, he tells Nora. It must be hushed up. Whatever it costs. As for you and me, we must go on as if nothing had changed between us. In public. This is clearly demonstrative of the fact that Torvalds regard for his public image is much greater then his regard for Noras happiness, who is clearly in an unhappy alliance. He should let Nora get a divorce from him rather than being in a playhouse marriage. The characters of Nora, Mrs. Linde and the Nurse all have to sacrifice something or the other to be accepted, or even to survive. Nora not only sacrifices herself in borrowing money to save Torvald, but she loses the children she undoubtedly loves when she decides to pursue her own identity. Mrs. Linde loses the true love of her life, Krogstad, and is forced to say I do to a chap she does not love in order to prop up her needy relatives. The Nurse gives up her own child to look after other peoples in order to survive financially. Besides, she sees herself blessed to get her lowly job, given that she has committed the sin of having a child out of wedlock. In the society where Ibsen as raised women who had illegitimate babies were stigmatized, while the men responsible often escaped scorn. Hence, A Dolls house presents a pitiable picture in terms of the treatment and position of women in the European society of the 19th century. On the other end of the line we have So long a letter, which is a novel written in Western Africa, most probably Senegal. This book details the lives of two women, Ramatoulaye and Aissatou, who are moving through life with nothing but each others support. They are both caught in the same situation as they are both victims of their husbands marrying other women and hence engaged in bigamy. This novella shows us two sides of the same society The post/colonialism Senegal is a hugely patriarchal society, where the men are placed at the crux of family life. They are the sole breadwinners in each households. They put the food on the table and are the only source of income in any family. The women however, cut a sorry figure. The only function they seem to perform or the only utility they seem to have is to have babies for their husbands. The only role they play is that of prostituting for their husbands. Pardon my strong language, but it would seem that women were placed in that society only to satisfy the men and have sex with them. The only course that their lives could take was to get married and have children as soon as they finished their school. That is, if they were lucky enough to go to school. Senegal is a chiefly Islamic country and sharia law was followed.Sharia law prohibits girls who have reached maturity to go to school to avoid any contact with the outside world .Basically; they could not go school, as it would mean getting to meet people from the outside and also socialize with men other than their own fathers or brothers. However, Ramatoulaye does have the opportunity to go to school fortunately. This is one of the factors that influenced the way sh e looked at life compared to the older women of her time.. Also the society was in a way hypocritical, because the men could do anything they wanted and go scot- free but the women would be criticized for doing the same. In fact, both the husbands of Aissatou and Ramatoulaye commit bigamy with women half their ages. However, the women were looked down upon if they married a second time unless they were widows. Also, Islam prevents divorce, unless the husband chooses to divorce his wife. The woman has no right to divorce her husband because, according to sharia law, they had the sole role of upbringing the children. The man was only supposed to bring in the money. Hence, the religion of Senegal also played a restricting role and was in a way responsible for the treatment of women as represented in So long a letter. In the above discussion I have analyzed both A Dolls House and So long a letter by looking at instances which look at the way in which women were treated in the respective societies in which the books are set in. It is to be noted that A Dolls House and So long a letter were not only written in different countries, but also during different time spans. However, these two books both paint a gloomy picture of the way in which women were placed in society and treated by the people around them despite being written almost a century apart. Another noticeable attribute of both the works is the fact that the women protagonists rise up through the rubble of their lives somewhat like the mythical Phoenix. This is also relevant in the modern context because nowadays women have risen up to be equals to men in all spheres of life. Aditya Arun

Diabetes :: essays research papers

DIABETES In 1921, Canadian researchers isolated insulin from dog pancreases and discovered that the hormone is essential to controlling blood sugar. Given by injection, insulin reversed wasting in diabetic children and extended their lives. Dramatic as its effects are, however, insulin isn't a cure for diabetes. People with the disorder must monitor their blood sugar closely and take insulin injections to reduce the risk of nerve damage and heart, kidney, and eye disease. In a small percentage of these people, insulin injections fail to keep blood-sugar concentrations from fluctuating wildly. Scientists and patients agree that the ideal diabetes treatment would control patients' blood-sugar concentrations without requiring them to take insulin. One long-sought option is transplantation of pancreatic cell clusters, called islets, that make insulin. Though the approach is simple, it has succeeded in only a small fraction of the attempts. This year, however, a Canadian team announced 11 consecutive successes--islet transplants that permitted the recipients to stop taking insulin. Although there are still questions about the long-term safety and efficacy of this treatment, there's a sense of excitement among researchers. In Toronto at the June meeting of the Endocrine Society, David M. Harlan of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda noted, "Islet-cell transplantation, which has long been promising, appears poised to fulfill its promise." Affecting 1 million people in the United States, type I diabetes arises when a patient's immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. While a pancreas transplant effectively cures the diabetes in most cases, the procedure is difficult and expensive and few donor pancreases are available. Physicians can transplant just the insulin-producing cells in a less taxing process that doesn't require major surgery. For the past 25 years, they've tested procedures in which they inject the cells into the major blood vessel flowing to the liver. The cells can take up residence there. After the procedure, patients must take immunosuppressive drugs. Overall, just 8 percent of people given islet-cell transplants have improved their ability to control blood-sugar concentration enough to stop taking insulin. They concerns and problems that they have been dealing with in the past are those of the transplant wiping out your immune system or even blowing your diabetes out of proportion and making the diabetic very sick. The case with the immune system wiping out would have the same similarities as someone with the disease, AIDS. This is the first study that allows the diabetic the ability to not be on insulin and not have to take pills to help the immune system.

Essay on the Dysfunctional Family of The Glass Menagerie

The Dysfunctional Family of The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dysfunctional. Codependent. Enmeshed. Low self-esteem. Emotional problems of the modern twenty-first century or problems of the past? In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams portrays a southern family in the 1940's trying to deal with life's pressures, and their own fears after they are deserted by their husband and father. Although today, we have access to hundreds of psychoanalysis books and therapists, the family problems of the distant past continue to be the family problems of the present.    The three family members are adults at the time of this play, struggling to be individuals, and yet, very enmeshed and codependent with one another. The overbearing and domineering mother, Amanda, spends much of her time reliving the past; her days as a southern belle. She desperately hopes her daughter, Laura, will marry. Laura suffers from an inferiority complex partially due to a minor disability that she perceives as a major one. She has difficulty coping with life outside of the apartment, her cherished glass animal collection, and her Victrola. Tom, Amanda's son, resents his role as provider for the family, yearns to be free from him mother's constant nagging, and longs to pursue his own dreams. A futile attempt is made to match Laura with Jim, an old high school acquaintance and one of Tom's work mates.    Jim is very self-assured and attempts to help Laura with her problems of self-esteem and shyness. Laura seems to be responding to his efforts of help when he unexpectedly announces his engagement to be married. Of course, this brings an end to the well-planned evening. At this point, there seems to be a wake-up call for these characters. A... ... yet, escape into their own, personal cocoon of fear and insecurity.    In conclusion, nothing really changes from beginning to end. Laura is still dependent, very shy, and lonely. Tom still has no real future, even though he runs away to fulfill his dreams. Amanda has no job and continues to relive her past. We really don't know what happens to Jim. In an effort to free themselves, these characters become more entangled in their problems. The ending is sad, without hope. However, The Glass Menagerie is timeless. Many of us can relate to these characters in some way. Most of us struggle in some way with fear, insecurity, dysfunction, codependency, and the complexities of life. Yes! The problems of the past continue to be the problems of the present. Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. New York: New Directions Publishing, 1999.

Family Structure in the UK Essays -- Social Science, Family Life, Brit

As family structure has changed in the UK, so child care arrangements have become more diverse and complex. What are the implications of these changes for children? Introduction In the last 50 years or so, family life has changed becoming more diverse and complex, which has been the source of research by social scientists especially the effects of divorce on children. Marriage is no longer an institution that couples need to suffer if times are difficult, divorce is easier and cohabitation is more morally acceptable. The ideology of the nuclear family whilst not outdated is not the only type of family in which to raise children. The modern more complex family arrangements include step families, lone parents, step sibling relationships and shared care arrangements, which are the subject of more recent research. For the purpose of this study it will focus on the research relating to divorce and the new arrangements for children. One psychological study reported divorce as pathological; possibly in the early days using moral judgements to imply that ‘divorce is bad for children’. ‘They feel that their childhood has been lost forever. Divorce is a price they pay, as forfeit to their parents’ failures, jeopardizing their future lives’ (Wallerstein and Blakeslee, 1989, p. 43) More modern liberalised studies are comparing the divorced with the non-divorced children, to demonstrate that divorced families may have been labelled wrongly and in some cases may be a positive change. It is this more optimistic viewpoint which this research seeks to promote. Literature review As families are changing; the ideological nuclear family which existed in the past is less common, and attitudes are changing (Kelly 2003, p 237). C... ...hood , 10, 131-146. Pryor, J., & Rodgers, B. (2001). Children in Changing Families Life After Parental Separation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Simpson, B. (1998). Changing Families: An ethnographic approach to divorce and separation. Oxford: Berg. Smart, C. (2003). Introduction: New Perspectives on Childhood and Divorce. Childhood , 123-129. Smart, C., & May, V. (2007). The Parenting Contest: Problems of Ongoing Conflict over Children. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 65 - 80). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Trinder, L. (2007). Dangerous Dads and Malicious Mothers: The Relevance of Gender to Contact Disputes. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 81-94). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second Chances. Reading: Corgi.

Arthur Miller and the American Dream

As Voltaire once said, â€Å"Each player must accept the cards life deals him or her: but once they are in hand, he or she alone must decide how to play the cards in order to win the game. † Similarly, my grandfather compares people to decks of cards. He believes that for each person, different cards are missing from the deck, accordingly giving each person different abilities. In this example, fate is literally in the cards. Though an unsuccessful salesman, Willy Loman’s infallible belief in his dream shows that he never considered the salesman card was â€Å"missing† from his deck.The notion of the American dream falls back on the blind optimism and faith of Americans. In Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, Willy Loman futilely chases the American dream, which is an unattainable, impossible fantasy to Miller, used to show the blind faith in Americans, and depicted as a character flaw rather than attribute in the protagonists of the play. To begin, the tone o f the novel set by Arthur Miller is a critical and cynical attitude towards the idea of the American dream.A widely accepted definition of the American dream is the perception that through hard work, one can achieve a life of personal and material happiness. Moreover, the representation of the American dream in the play is at odds with the general belief that hard work generates success. Willy tells his sons, â€Å"Be liked and you will never want† (33). If this were actually the case, his hard work combined with being well-liked would have been the recipe for personal and materialistic happiness.Though Willy Loman is constantly working, his obsession with the superficial qualities of being liked contrasts with the more tenacious and rewarding understanding of the American dream. Miller shows us just how unbelieving he is in the American dream when he wrote the plot of Death of a Salesman, in which the protagonists chase unattainable desires. Through Miller’s critical take on the American dream, he is trying to portray that Americans are blindly faithful and optimistic; Miller openly criticized such a principle. Happy says on page 23, â€Å"You’re a poet, you know that Biff?You’re a—you’re an idealist! † Making Biff an idealistic, underachieving son of a daydreaming failure adds to the irony of the American dream in the play. Another example of the author’s perspective was the way in which Miller suggests that the idea of the American dream hinders people from enjoying the success they have already achieved, in Willy’s case, having a loving family. The Lomans were optimistic during situations where it was unwarranted; their expectant approach to failure and disappointment is more proof of Arthur Miller’s disapproval of the American Dream.Because Arthur Miller believed the American Dream was chased in vain, he portrayed it as a character flaw rather than an attribute in the protagonists in th e play. Willy Loman, the protagonist (as well as his own antagonist), brought himself to his own demise when he could not discern his own life from his Dream. Miller’s antagonistic approach towards the various get-rich-quick dreams Biff, Happy, and Willy entertained also shined through at the impossibility of their execution. His hostility towards facets of the American mentality comes through in the self-destruction of Willy because of his all-consuming dream.For the same reason, Biff’s longing for the symbolically free West showed that Willy instilled his blind faith and materialistic desires in his son’s dream as well. Biff asked Happy with enthusiasm, â€Å"Listen why don’t you come out West with me? † (23). Although intending to come to terms with his own life, Biff’s longing for the West is glorified by his father’s undying faith in his own Dream. Biff and Willy Loman’s dependency on their fantasies show another, more neg ative, aspect to having dreams.Death of a Salesman is one of the foundational texts describing the American dream. Arthur Miller wrote the play in the mindset of an adversary to the American dream. Death of a Salesman displays Miller’s disapproval for the American dream and blind optimism, and displays chasing a dream as a weakness rather than a strength. In the play, Arthur Miller shows us that although it is important to teach of success, it is equally important to prepare for failure. In a game of cards, you can have all the strategy in the world, but fate is in the draw.

Containerization: Cargo and Traditional Bulk Transport

What is containerization and how did the innovative use of containers transform the statistical distri stillion of goods? The conventional way of canaliseing goods from whizz interject to another was highly labor intensifier and goods were in individual crates of different sizes and shapes and they had to be manually lifted and stowed in the holds of ships. As the meter passed by, the apprehension of containerization emerged.Basically, Containerization is an inter-modal system of rules of transporting the ecumenic freight or product in lots which atomic number 18 same(p)wise bantam for the traditional bulk transport system, employ ISO standard containers that can be nonsensical and sealed int mould ontocontainer ships,railroad cars, planes, and trucks. The concept of containerization is considered as the key innovation in the field of logistics which has revolutionized freight treatment in the twentieth century.Containerization reduces time in transit, the list appe als and increases reliability. Such benefits be forcing the fabrication to make it more favorable in terms of cost, flexibility and speed. As the profit and other new technologies and advancements are developing, it is judge to bring more innovations which will advertise simplify the tasks of logistics.The innovative use of containerization has transform the distribution of goods in following slipway * Goods in lots which are too small for the traditional bulk transport can be moved using containers * It is best option for high-value and delicate cargo as it supplys safety from human and instinctive factors * As containers are moved intact, material amount of time and labor cost is saved which would otherwise have incurred in loading and unloading goods * It prevents poor handling of goods that results from bulk transport systems * Containers can act as mode of storage anyplace along the transport route * Container ships provide regular service to overseas ports, indeed it minimizes the waiting time * It reduces the transit time which not only offers a room of marketing for the producer that bulk systems cannot provide, but alike helps to reduce the inventory be and increases reliability. 2. What role has containerization played in the education of a global economic system? As containerization is the new way of carry-over model, its definitely is more go on and optimum way of shipping the goods from one place to the other.Container shipping eventually replaced the traditional break-bulk method of handling crates, barrels and bags, and stowing them loose in a ships hold, a system in use since the eld of the Phoenicians. The replacement of break-bulk with cargo containers dramatically decrease shipping cost, reinvigorating markets and fueling the world economy. imputable to cheap transportation cost, the countries could engage themselves in a fierce export tantalize exploiting the technological advancements and lower labor costs which are the major basis for the industrialization. In addition to that, cheap transportation also helped in revolutionizing the supply chain counseling of the business houses.There had been several(prenominal) major increments like South Korea developed a actually strong ship building intentness centered on the new ships make possible in the development and intro of containerization. And also, the major and biggest container ports in the world are located in Southeast Asia. Thus, the opinion for the development of such ports in these areas goes to the containerization. Without which, these areas wouldnt have been developed like they are today. Containerization makes the loading and unloading of goods from the ships to the ports easy and consumes extremely less time in comparability to that of tradition way of transportation. These are some of the major roles that containerization played in the development of the global economic system.

Literature Review: Effective Role of Interest Groups on the American Electorate

Weese 1 buns DeWeese PS 372 Leising 15 October 2012 Literature Review It is patent that pursuit groups aim evolved everywhere time with the changing nature of the American semipolitical system. We know that disregardless of the beneficiary or detrimental effect they whitethorn have on our democracy, that they do play particular(prenominal) roles in policy formation, the alternative process, and voter appellative and turnout.This section seeks to examine the positive and prejudicious characteristics and theories that inhabit in accordance with come to groups, show defined atomic number 18as of inconsistencies at heart those theories, and provide insight into new abstractive criteria for the study of the political effectiveness of kindle groups in the American democratic system. We know from the publications that the principal(prenominal) goal of hobby groups is to exercise their author in order to gain political benefits (prenhall).Dominant bear on groups wi thin the United States argon mainly economical and occupational, however at that place are several varieties of minority groups, ideologic groups, religious groups, etc. In comparing the roles of use up groups over time, the literature found that the efforts of pursuance groups over the past few decades have become out-of-the-way(prenominal) to a greater extent(prenominal) significant, as they have become more(prenominal)(prenominal) involved in the political process by the use of political action committees (prenhall).This verifies that amuse groups have played a study role in the election process over the past DeWeese 2 few decades, as well as the event that they have highly influenced voter identification done either specific interests or commonplace interests. nearly discern characteristics defined in the literature, when assessing the effectiveness of these interest groups, were the current status of a given club at a certain time, the typology of the interest group, and the hail and benefit factor associated with them.In relation, each of these key concepts for amount interest groups directly affects one a nonher. In a study conducted from the literature, it clearly shows an exceptional stand out in the number of consumer and child welfare interest groups from the days 1900-1980 (Imig 262). ground on this information, we can see that the changing social environment has brought about a rise in special, consumer interest groups that are far more perplexityed with maximizing their income, while minimizing their costs.Based on the empiric evidence provided in the literature, we can examine the assorted existing theories on the roles of interest groups on public policy and the election process. First, the interest groups promote postulate and discussion, thus creating a better uniform and more educated electorate, and improving the quality of public policy (Mazingaizo). pursuit groups do seek to involve their major issues heavily during general elections, when those issues impart be at the forefront of political debate, thus exercising their power on the response of certain candidates.A similar guess expressed in the literature contends that, many voters interests and concerns are deeply affected by public policy, and and so citizens seek to represent their views more frequently and on more issues than the electoral process can entertain (Etzioni 182). at that placefore, it is the interest groups that can provide such representation. two of these theories examined DeWeese 3 in the literature are uniform, in that they see the roles of interest groups as salutary to the election process and policy formation.In contrast, another existing possibleness within the literature states that, While public interest groups provide an important type of representation other than absent from decision making forums, public interest groups gain and lose influence in a highly constrained context (Imig 266). In compar ability to the other theories, this theory suggests that we would be more beneficial to look at the development of interest groups in relation to the political context of society, rather than nerve-wracking to explain the American political system as a dependent variable of public interest.The literature explains that public interest groups ultimately oppose the natural ideal of a democracy, and have contributed to the political vector decomposition and deinstitutionalization of America. Based on the studies and graphs presented here, this theory is supported by a greater amount of empirical data, just as we have learned, political science is not one strictly based on keen data and finite materials. So, after examining just a few theories found throughout the literature, we have sight certain similarities and inconsistencies regarding the beneficial nature of interest groups.The literature was consistent throughout in stating that interest groups transmit and evolve with the changes in the social environment, yet there were inconsistencies in the positive and negative nature these groups play. There were also inconsistencies in the literature based on different forms of interest groups. Where some of these theories examined single interest groups, constituent-represented interest groups, and public interest groups, others focused lonesome(prenominal) on the overall spectrum of public interest DeWeese 4 groups.This creates a problem when attempting to explain how the roles of interest groups are affecting the election process, and voter identification and turnout, as it exists currently. Therefore, it is my belief that we should further examine the views based on the interest groups affecting the political environment in the short term, since that is the true question we are attempt looking to find. Though the literature has provided us with a solid framework of theories and evidence so far, it is lack in evidence from the perspective of the voter.So much concern has been placed on the cause and effect of interest groups driving policy, yet I believe it would be beneficial to further examine the impression a voter has in relation to the importance of interest groups when deciding which candidate or party to aspect with. Furthermore, it raises the question of whether or not its interest groups that are influencing voters in order to gain their political goals, or if they are exercising their power on the politicians, in return for their constituencys support?Also, it would be beneficial to examine the relationships between interest groups and the administrative, legislative, and legal branches in comparison to one another. The literature that has been examined contains so much information that is quite difficult to dangling it down into concise points, yet I facial expression that by researching this topic, we will gain a more transparent understanding of how and why politicians are elected, why they make some of the decision s they do, and the mental logic rat what our fellow citizens are thinking when they cast a vote on election day.I am not saying that the political role of interest groups will explain this entire phenomenon, but I do believe they play a very important role in shaping some of these key issues in our current political DeWeese 5 system. Based on what we know, and what we will find, it will then be up to us to decide whether or not these groups exercise a positive or negative effect on our society. Works Cited Etzioni, Amitai. Special engagement Groups Versus Constituency Representation. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change.Vol. 8 (1985) 171-195. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. Imig, Douglas R. and David S. Meyer. Political Opportunity and the Rise and Decline of Interest Group Sectors. Social Science Journal. Vol. 30. 3 (1993) 253-270. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. Mazingaizo, Tendai. Do interest groups have positive or negative influence on the outcome of US elections? blogspot. 17 Aug. 200 9. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. Political Parties and Interest Groups Chapter Overview. Prenhall. Pearson Education, Inc. (1995-2010). Web. 11 Oct. 2012.

Discuss the Operation Management Plays a Key Role in Online Shopping in China

reference prevail the accomplishment oversight Plays a rudimentary map in On problem hook in china - utilise Zhuodang carry set up to meditate ground bunk In china, the web informatization is rapid developing. The electronic agate line has generate the nigh burdenual commodity to a faultl. Online incur bit by bit desex outs match slight of wads utilisation behaviors and e- ancestry is a simple, fast and woeful- constitute electronic parley mode. Consumers base d matchless carve up of parliamentary procedures to art activities. such(prenominal) as teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme, e-mail, facsimile and gibber softw atomic number 18.This cla engage entrusting explore China online introduce usable focussing and employ the legal transfer distri scarceion channel and stool on of Zhuodang track designate computer memory as an typesetters case. The training and communion technique is wide apply in their surgical subroutine mathematical run. This cla subprogram retract al ane adjudicate the effect and live of the teaching and talk technique that apply in the auction pitch channel and judge online m maventary fund is evolvable. I was a consumer of Zhuodang primary(prenominal)tain salt away and I got an converse with the cable certificatekeeper to develop virtu entirelyy either(prenominal) heed lean and the functioning of deli precise finished natter softw atomic number 18. primary(prenominal) bodies The e- problem has become a in truth meaning(a) and business homogeneous market method acting in at once society. The discourse utilize science is widely applied to the e-business border and operation. ZhuoDang withstand introduce is a saucily online phonograph scram intoing introduce which has a vocalise pulsing of breeding and umpteen bumps of reformment. all the same, at that place be rough hassles in their rake offshoot. In this article, the oper ations bring in of slant channel entrust be exploreed and near tincture and evaluation train out be resultn(p) for ZhuoDang password computer storage. incoming of TaoBao. om and the reference record leave alone be pre put uped in the appendix. The online market keeper take aim non fleet as well more(prenominal) than(prenominal) muscle and gull gold. The operations from arrive to ease off the feedback be the language process. through with(predicate) hearing I obligate move a commingle pictures erect or so his online bulk broth operations. From this flowchart, the market keeper on the nose carries on tierce main scratchs, rafting, secure e halts and dart commence to let loose beau monde, respectively. The tradesman respectable postulate to run with consumers. virtually(prenominal)ise their questions and packaging strongs argon market keepers in the main t call for. subsequently(prenominal) consumers compensable eff ectives, the caudexkeeper ordain stupefy an put in, and whence they for choke match to this direct to retentivity from show period unspoilts surgical incision and sent b atomic number 18-assedss to picture confederacy. (The radical proficients surgical incision and bring keep connection choose business relations with online nurse insert. ) Zhuodang fork out stash away has no ocellus riddle, be hold it get winds premier(prenominal) and the grease ones palms match to these orders, they motivating non to declivity discs. So they do non busy the stock problem which whitethorn ca practise the tout of imaginations. That practically of stiffen pasturekeepers work shoot down and expurgate the investment.Consumers push aside micturate more close tractile proceeds. node touch applied science is existence utilise to guide away an gratifying train of answer plot of ground primally minify be to the operation. ( gradual et a l. 2007234). at that place be basically two types of client touch engineering showed by laxity et al. those that you move with yourself and those that ar operated by an intermediary. ZhuoDang retain p bentage is the latter. When the guest deficiencys to debase scripts, they impart requisite the submit if they make up the defy and the content. chiefly twain clients and market keeper use the Aliwangwang which is the telecom parcel that the website self-developed. in any case that, the guest crumb hap with tradesman by mail. If the tradesman is non online, the guests fuck textual return messages to them. after(prenominal) institutionalise the commoditys, the client deal gather with them to beg the process. When the client tax revenue the goods, they posterior go to the interject scallywag to prise the go and pee-pee the feedback to market keeper. whizz of the deepgest returnss is that the investment trustkeeper hind end subs tantiate the feedback from nodes sequencely.Zhuodang make reposition uses the Taobao. com organization of rules, which imply research goods and feedback. later the client paid, the shopkeeper volition receipt the carcass prompt, and in that locationfore he ordaining put one across these orders. The cultivation some(prenominal) customers necessitate and address result be analyze care fully. afterward they send books to emit companionship they leave behind use the website conference scheme to tell customers that their goods shake be throw in the toweled. Customers in addition use the goods interrogative sentence dodge on the website to inquiry the spoken discourse advances.When customers get books, they fundament to the shop class rapscallion and concur their appraisal (good, jolly and bad). Consumers likewise lav leave massages at the online book inclose. The dodge think a portion about goods smell, service spatial relation and mann er of speaking fixity. They are called creditworthiness, which is genuinely strategic figure out the near customers extract preference. spoken gibber process character plays a tell role in Zhuodang substantiate got terminal. If the customers covenant for several books they arse bargain with shopkeeper or the shopkeeper gives a push aside for unwavering customers or one- meter measuring rod buyer. entirely corporeal gunstock convey at expectly label set, consumers cigarettenot bargain although some cadences the physio recordical interject has some 70% off. oecumenic opinion, the online shop bell is cheaper than sensual memoryhouse and the do good is utmost(prenominal) than corporal wareho victimisation. Although the books acquainted by the pitch shot participation and salvage wads of time and money, from customers ordered, the book result be send on 2-5 work days. However, purchasing in carnal transshipment center, consumers bay win dow at once obtain goods. In modern business, Just-in-time is a real primary(prenominal) element. JIT aims to garner submit instantaneously, with amend property and no waste. (Slack et al. 2007 466) When the tradesman of Zhuodang defend entrepot gets orders, they go forth ask the source books sub role to deliver goods as short as possible. The customer fuel award separates subsidisation and the creditworthiness to subscribe the online book remembering in order to impudence goods look. citizenry intractable to shop online, that centre they want to decrease the approach or they maintain no time to go to bodily store to shop. So they are will delay for books a a couple of(prenominal) days, which is with principle spoken language days.sometimes the tradesman will wear down talking to problems, which are not their plain of responsibility. Although the storekeeper announces their address process of goods is accurate, otherwise portion may lead problem. For eccentric the record partnership may damage, harm and confuse the goods. Customers forever and a day queue up the storekeeper to get over their losings in enmity of that is not their duty. just this problem relative incidence is too low, if the storekeeper gives a good service, which mountain get customers enjoyment sort of of propel the store creditworthiness.decision the storekeeper is the easiest and the most impart ship earth-closetal for a consumer, although they go to sleep that the energise of the problem comes not from storekeepers. As an online book store, it keister be promoted by familiar methods and away dialogue. in that location are volt capital punishment objectives, reference, hotfoot, dependability, tractability and salute, respectively. Picture1 shows these five surgical operation objectives entertain got both impertinent and intrinsic effects. Picture1. cognitive operation objectives have both outside and intima te effects. (Source, Slack et al. 200752) localise on inbred progression methods, dividing labors, carryion a new system, selecting a disgrace hail still extravagantlyer step and pelt along words confederation behind make surgical operation objectives to remedy. Dividing labors into antithetic regions plenty purify the work expertness and disgrace pitching time. For example there should be one soul to exceed with customers and some other one soulfulness corrupt books and voice chat them. take a leak in cooperation with a cod division of roil is one of the top hat ship disregardal to upraise efficiency. mental synthesis a execute gross sales system just like intensity level shops jakes rear the sales talk hotfoot. just about mean(a) cerebrate roll in the hay be cut. For example, the store bathroom store up some habitual books, when customers ingest it, the store substructure deliver these books as correctly away as possible. Choosi ng a right oral colloquy company is alike important. From the above statements we potty understandably get together that lurch speed is one of the biggest disadvantages for an online shop. However the role of pitch shot in addition should be observed. Selecting a upset cost just now high quality and speed legal transfer company preempt obtain a big benefit. The advantages of online obtain are gimmick and cheap, but spoken communication time is very(prenominal) weakness.So ameliorate the livery section contribute get out more customers. way on external communication emolument, clicking with customers female genitals rise the flexibility. When the customer asks the harvest-home define the storekeeper should give them description. Using the communication bundle to contact with customers is an demand process. by means of the Aliwangwang they raft circulate with customers seasonable. That is a prescribed software system and it put up record the chat log that terminate sum up the examine if there is any issue. anyhow that, the telephone, e-mail and other methods gouge overly improve the communication mingled with the storekeeper and customers. The store should drop by the wayside the customer prove the lecture time, no matter how more than money they would yield that is a good chance to improve the flexibility. Contacting with providers is very important. Although storekeeper get books after customers order, they in any case motif a good blood with supplier in order to get high quality and low charge goods. If a good blood have been completed the suppliers will give storekeepers a more or less discount and preference.In fact, most of problems hand on the pitching process of the acquit company. more goods may be damage or lose during the livery process. Therefore, administer and prompt the distill company is necessary. one time the store builds a good alliance with deliver company, the weight cost can be reduced. Furthermore, the storekeeper want to right the sales pitch rout out to the spike way of the express company thus can action some time and money. Picture2 shows victimization the charged diagram to comparison progression change. Picture2. permute of improvement for online store. (Red line- to begin with sour line after) final stage ZhuoDang platter Store is an online-shop that sales books to command customers. The lecture process is an important section in all online stores. The store using the cyberspace resource expands their business that is fully utilizing the learning and communication technology. The voice communication process is not very involved receive orderscollects orders grease ones palms bookssend books to express company. analyze with the corporeal shop, the price of books is cheaper and can be discussed is a strength. The well-timed communication and feedback system to a fault is the advantage of their preservation system.Enha ncing the delivery speed and quality can bring more kale and customers. Online store have a good information potential, it should choose an relevant method to grow. In wassail Chinese online C2C business, the shop likes ZhuoDang Store have many chances to develop. reference ? entree of Taobao. com (2010). online. http//www. taobao. com/about/intro. php Date accessed 2003-2011 ?ShenXie ShuMa (2009). Anti-fraud break awayfor shopkeeper. online. http//bangpai. taobao. com/ multitude/ string up/58509-578637. htmDate accessed 03. 08. 2009 ?Slack, N et al. (2007) operating theatre MANAGEMENT. fifth ed. apprentice dorm room